phonetics,chapter5,answers
1.A. phonemes are the smallest abstract unit of language which is not meaningful.such as[m]
B. The complete set of phonemes are called phonemic system.
C. Allophones are the different realizations of a phoneme. like aspirated vs. unaspirated [l]
2. Different realizations of a phoneme can appear in different places. we call it complementry distribution.
For example aspirated[l] appear in places where unaspirated [l] never appears.
3. Phonemic transcription is the transcription of words' phonemes.while phonetic transcription has some additional details.
4. Broad phonemic transcription is phonemic transcription with a little detail. Narrow phonetic transcription has more detail.
Allophonic transcription has even more details specially about allophone.
5. Phonology is the study of abstract side of language sounds. It talks about phonemes' functions and relations;their restrictions and regularities in a particular language.
6. Features such as stress and intonation are called suprasegmental, because they fall on bigger units of language(syllabe) rather than phonemes and change meanings.