پس از مطالعه دقیق فصل 2و3 به سوالات پاسخ دهید.

chapter2
1.What are "primary cardinal vowels"?
what is the difference between primary cardinal vowels and English vowels?
2.what is the differnce between and i?
3.Name English short vowels and show their positions on a diagram?
4.Explain the possible position of lips while producing vowels?
chapter3
5.Is the length the only difference between long and short vowels?
6.What is a pure vowel?
7.What are diphthongs?Name the diphthongs of English?
8.Do we pronounce two parts of diphthongs with equal strenght?
9.What are triphthongs? name English triphthongs?
Why is it difficult forforeign learners of English to recognize triphthongs?

5/No the quality is another difference .If we compare some similar pairs of long and short vowels we can see distinct differences in quality.
6/ A vowel which remains constant and doesn’t glide is called a pure vowel.
8/ No ,the first part is much longer and stronger than the second part. The last part mustn’t be made too strongly.

answer of question chapter 2 and 3

1: primary vowel are most familiar to the speakers of most europian language . in the cardinal vowel we have chang of lip position.
2: i is vowel - front-close-seprate
3:the sound in the words like bit- bet- bat-cut -pot-put are english short vowel and are only relatively short.
4:all of the vowel sounds are close and lips in this words are seprated.
5:the diferent only in quality
6:a vowel which remains constant and does not glide is called a pure vowel.
7:the sound which consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to anoyher.centering and closing. centering sound kike sounds of words like beard-aired-tour.closing sound in the words like paid-tide-void
8:no.diphthongs have diferent pronunciation the first part is strong the second oart is a weak and the last part is the weaker than part2
9:a triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third all producted rapidly and without interruption.
10:becauce it is in peresent-day english the extent of the vowel movement is very small exept in very careful pronunciation.

پاسخ درس 2 و3

Chapter2
Answers of the question of chapter 2 and 3
1. What are primary cardinal vowels? The vowels, i,e,3,a,u,o,c,α are so-called primary cardinal vowels. In this course cardinal vowels are printed within square brackets [ ] to distinguish them clearly from English vowel sound.
2. What is the difference between I and ? is defined as the vowel which as close and as front as it is possible to make a vowel without obstructing the flow of air enough to produce friction noise. I, the diagram show that, though this vowel is in the close front area compared with cardinal vowel no.1 it is more open and nearer in to the center. The lips are slightly spread.
3. Name English short vowels and show their positions on a diagram. English short vowels: I,e,æ,ʌ,ɒ,υ
4. Explain the possible position of lips while producing vowels. To produce the lip-shape for vowels like u: sounds in which the lips are in contact with each other are called bilabial, while those with lip-to-teeth contact are called labiodental.
Chapter3
5. Is the length the only difference between long and short vowels? The five long vowels are different from the six short vowels described in chapter 2, not only in length but also in quality.
6. What is the pure vowel? A vowel which remains constant and does not glide is called a pure vowel.
7. What are the diphthongs? Name the diphthongs of English. Diphthongs are sound which consist of the movement or glide from one vowel to another. Diphthongs are named centering and closing. Centering, ending in ə : Iə, eə, υə. Closing, ending in I and ending in υ : eI . aI . ɔI. əυ. aυ
8. Do we pronounce two parts of diphthongs with equal strength? No. first part is much longer and stronger than the second part and last part of English diphthongs must not be made too strongly.
9. What are triphthongs? Name English triphthongs. Why is it difficult for foreign learners of English to recognize triphthongs? A triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third all produced rapidly and without interruption. The triphthongs can be looked on as being composed of the five closing diphthongs with ə added on the end: eIə aIə ɔIə əυə aυə. It is the extent of the vowel movement is very small, except in very careful pronunciation. To add to the difficulty there is also the problem of whether a triphthong is felt to contain one or two syllables.