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because in present -day english the extent of the vowel movement is very small except in very careful pronunciation. so the middle of the three vowels qualities of the triphthong can hardly be heard and the resulting sound is difficult to distinquish from some of the diphthongs and long vowels.

chapter3
5.Is the length the only difference between long and short vowels? The main difference is in the length of pronouncing or saying the sound. As an example, a long vowel sound takes 2 beats to say, while a short vowel sound takes 1 beat.

In American English, a long vowel sound is /ee/ as in the letters "ee" in feet. To illustrate the length of saying the word, you should clap your hand twice while saying the word.

Meanwhile, a short vowel sound is /ih/ as in the letter "i" in fit. Again, to illustrate the length of saying the vowel sound, you should only clap once when saying it. The main difference is in the length of pronouncing or saying the sound. As an example, a long vowel sound takes 2 beats to say, while a short vowel sound takes 1 beat.

6.What is a pure vowel? a vowel that is pronounced with more or less unvarying quality without any glide; monophthong
7.What are diphthongs? Name the diphthongs of English? The diphthongs are long vowels in which there is a noticeable movement of the tongue. In English the movement of the tongue has three possible directions: either higher towards the front of the roof of the mouth, that is, in the general direction towards the / I / or / i: / vowel; or higher towards the back, that is, in the general direction towards the / U / or / u: / vowel; or towards a central area, that is, in the general direction of the / V / or / 3: / vowel. These three directions are called front closing, back closing, and centering, respectively.
8.Do we pronounce two parts of diphthongs with equal strength?
9.What are triphthongs? name English triphthongs?
There are five triphthongs in English made up from five diphthongs with a schwa added at the end.

eɪ + ə = eɪə - layer, player
aɪ + ə = aɪə– liar, fire
ɔɪ + ə = ɔɪə– loyal, royal
əʊ + ə = əʊə – lower, slower
aʊ + ə = aʊə– power, flower
Why is it difficult for foreign learners of English to recognize triphthongs?

[]chapter 2

1) Cardinal vowels are a standard reference system and people are learning about the range of vowels which they are useful way of describing, classifying and comparing vowels. English vowels: English has a large number of vowel sounds, the first ones to be examined are short vowels which are only relatively short. The other, long vowels which tend to be longer than the short vowels in similar contexts.
2) One of the primary vowel that is defined as close and front to make a vowel without obstructing the flow of air. English short vowel are only relatively short and it is described in relation to the cardinal vowels.
4) Rounded, where the corners of the lips are brought towards each other and the lips pushed forwards.
Spread, with the corners of the lips moved away from each other, as for a smile.
Neutral, where the lips are not noticeably rounded or spread.

Chapter 3
5) Vowels can have quite different lengths in different contexts.
6) A vowel which remains constant and does not glide is called a pure vowel.
7) The sounds which consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another.
Diphthong
centring closing
ending in ₔ ending in I ending in u
Iₔ eₔ uₔ eI aI ↄI ₔu au
The first part of diphthongs are much longer and stronger than the second part.
9) the most complex English sounds of the vowel type are the triphthongs. Because a triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption. They can be difficult to pronounce and recognize. For example:
eIₔ ‘ layer’ player

chapter 2

1) Cardinal vowels are a standard reference system and people are learning about the range of vowels which they are useful way of describing, classifying and comparing vowels. English vowels: English has a large number of vowel sounds, the first ones to be examined are short vowels which are only relatively short. The other, long vowels which tend to be longer than the short vowels in similar contexts.
2) One of the primary vowel that is defined as close and front to make a vowel without obstructing the flow of air. English short vowel are only relatively short and it is described in relation to the cardinal vowels.
4) Rounded, where the corners of the lips are brought towards each other and the lips pushed forwards.
Spread, with the corners of the lips moved away from each other, as for a smile.
Neutral, where the lips are not noticeably rounded or spread.

Chapter 3
5) Vowels can have quite different lengths in different contexts.
6) A vowel which remains constant and does not glide is called a pure vowel.
7) The sounds which consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another.
Diphthong
centring closing
ending in ₔ ending in I ending in u
Iₔ eₔ uₔ eI aI ↄI ₔu au
The first part of diphthongs are much longer and stronger than the second part.
9) the most complex English sounds of the vowel type are the triphthongs. Because a triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption. They can be difficult to pronounce and recognize. For example:
eIₔ ‘ layer’ player

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