1. Define the following terms?
a)phoneme
A phoneme is the smallest meaningful unit of sound in a language. In any lanquage we can identify a small number of regularly used sounds (vowel and consonant) that we call phoneme. For example the vowel pin and pen are different phoneme.
b)IPA
IPA is international phonetic association.
c) Stress
Give particular emphasis or importance to (a point, statement, or idea) made in speech or writing.
D) Intonation
The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
2. What is the difference between dialect and accent?
Languages have different accents. They are pronounced differently by people from different geographical places from different social classes of different ages and educational backgrounds.
3. Name the articulators of the oral cavity?
Lips- teeth – tooth ridge-hard palate- soft palate- upper throught-tongue tip- tongue blade – tongue body – tongue root.
4. What is the meaning of "articulatory phonetics"?
We have a large and complex set of muscles that can produce changes in the shape of the vocal tract and in order to learn how the sounds of speech are produced it is necessary to become familiar with the different part os the vocal tract. These different parts are called articulators and the study of them is called articulatory phonetics.
5.What is the difference between vowels and consonants?
A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. A vowel is a type of sound for which there is no closure of the throat or mouth at any point where vocalization occurs.
6.Name the primary cardinal vowels and give their features?
vowels that are more familiar to the speaker of mose european lanquages are primary cardinal vowels.

1 close front unrounded vowel

2 [e] close-mid front unrounded vowel

3 [ɛ] open-mid front unrounded vowel

4 [a] open front unrounded vowel

5 [ɑ] open back unrounded vowel

6 [ɔ] open-mid back rounded vowel

7 [o] close-mid back rounded vowel

8 close back rounded vowel


7. While producing vowels, how many positions can our lips have?
1- Rounded 2-spread 3-neutral