جلسه هفتم خواندن و درک مفاهیم پایه 99/03/19

Unit5

cost
education
can be high
can be well over US$15,000.
travel
personal expenses,
the average cost هزینه
تحصیلات
می تواند زیاد باشد
می تواند بیش از 15000 دلار آمریکا باشد.
مسافرت رفتن
هزینه های شخصی
هزینه متوسط

Unit 6
The Olympic flame
Every four years, the summer Olympic Games kick off- start with an elaborate- think over opening ceremony= carnival that welcomes athletes=champion from every competing= challenging nation. However, preparations= provision and celebrations= fiesta. for the Olympic Games start long before the opening ceremony. The true beginning of the Olympic celebration is the lighting= ignition of the Olympic torch= flashlight and the relay = reinforce that carries=, take away the flame to the host= landlord city
شعله المپیک
هر چهار سال ، بازی های المپیک تابستانی با یک مراسم افتتاحیه پیچیده آغاز می شود که از ورزشکاران از هر کشور رقیب استقبال می کند. با این حال ، آماده سازی ها و جشن ها. مدت ها قبل از مراسم افتتاحیه بازی های المپیک آغاز می شود. آغاز واقعی جشن المپیک روشنایی مشعل المپیک و رله ای است که شعله را به سمت شهر میزبان حمل می کند
kick off - to start

The Olympic torch is lit at a ceremony in Olympia, Greece, where the ancient= ancient, old, classical, antique, antiquarian, primeval games were held. One requirement= need, requirement, demand, necessity, want for the Olympic flame is that it must be created using only sunlight= solarization, sunshine, sunlight and a mirror. The flame is lit months before the games, and the first runner begins the great relay among the ruins of an ancient Olympic stadium.

beginning = start comenesment = نقطه اغاز
were held =were performed
One requirement = one obligation شرط لازم - اجبار
an ancient = traditional
Ceremony:event
Lighting the olymic torch
ceremony مراسم مذهبی
ceremony = event
lighting = روشن کردن
the Olympic torch


مشعل المپیک در مراسمی در المپیا ، یونان ، جایی که بازی های باستانی برگزار می شود ، روشن می شود. یکی از الزامات شعله المپیک این است که باید فقط با استفاده از نور آفتاب و آینه ایجاد شود. این شعله ماه ها قبل از بازی ها روشن می شود و اولین دونده رله عالی را در بین ویرانه های یک استادیوم باستانی المپیک آغاز می کند.
The first modern Olympic torch= flashlight relay = reinforce تقویت took place= take place, happen, be accomplished in Berlin, in the summer of 1936. At the beginning, runners were mainly selected=chose from the Olympic athletes= champion, but later regular= regular, orderly, ordered, arranged, in good order, businesslike citizens-including children, old people, and people with disabilities= inability, incapacitation, disability, impotence, failure, asthenia -began to participate= participate, take part, partake as well=so. Carrying the torch is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity= opportunity, chance, time, occasion, opening, leisure and a great honor= glory, honor, pride, attribute, honor. Traditionally, the torch is carried=is done on foot.

lifetime opportunity = once in a whole life chance فرصتی در تمام عمر
اولین مدل مشعل مدرن المپیک در برلین ، در تابستان سال 1936 برگزار شد. در آغاز ، دوندگان به طور عمده از بین ورزشکاران المپیک انتخاب می شدند ، اما بعداً شهروندان معمولی - از جمله کودکان ، افراد مسن و افراد دارای معلولیت - شروع به شرکت کردند. خوب. حمل مشعل فرصتی یکبار در طول عمر و افتخار بزرگی است. به طور سنتی ، مشعل با پای پیاده انجام می شود.
However, sometimes other kinds of transport= transport, transportation, shipping, traffic are needed. When the torch must go overseas, it is sent on a private plane. The torch has also been carried underwater. For the Sydney Summer Games in 2000, a diver swam with the torch! At the end of the relay, the flame is used to light a giant pot. The light, a symbol of the Olympic spirit, burns throughout the games.
Spirit = soul
Relay = gathering
burns throughout the games = burns throughout by the time the Olympic is finished
it is sent on a private plane = it is sent on a special plane

با این حال ، گاهی اوقات انواع دیگری از حمل و نقل مورد نیاز است. هنگامی که مشعل باید به خارج از کشور برود ، با هواپیمای شخصی ارسال می شود. مشعل نیز زیر آب حمل شده است. برای بازی های تابستانی سیدنی در سال 2000 ، غواص با مشعل شنا کرد! در انتهای رله از شعله برای روشن کردن گلدان غول پیکر استفاده می شود. نور ، نمادی از روح المپیک ، در تمام بازی ها می سوزد.

غول
giant, ogre, colossus, ghoul, Gargantua, bugaboo


نرهغول
bumpkin, giant

ادم غول پیکر
giant
صفت

قوی هیکل
robust, giant, sturdy


سراسر
throughout, all over

سرتاسر
overall, throughout, through, all over, entirely, totally

تماما
all, wholly, fully, altogether, quite, throughout

Something that is elaborate is complex and has a lot of different parts.
Something that is ancient is very, very old.
Ruins are the remains of a very old building.






متن دوم درس 6
unusual Olympic Sports
For many people, the Olympic Games consist of popular sports like swimming, running, or ice skating. Here are three unusual Olympic events, and three athletes who fell in love with them.
Curllng
curling is a sport that is played on ice. Two teams of four players each slide eight stones along the ice to a colored circle (called the house). The object of the game is to place a stone closest to the center of the house





"I started curling very young," Canadian Olympic curler Sammy Mccann told us. "My father managed a hotel with an ice rink. As soon as the people left the ice, my friends and I would get right on and start curling."

Trampoline
Kids have been jumping on trampolines for almost a hundred years, but it was only at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney that trampoline became an official Olympic sport. In Olympic competitions, each trampoline gymnast is judged on ten different skills. A gymnast can score well by showing that they can control their bodies while jumping high and twisting and flipping smoothly in the air.

"I love the sport. I've been doing it since I was five years old," said Jennifer Parilla, American trampoline gymnast.
After Jennifer competed in the 2000 Olympics (as the only American trampoline gymnast), she got a tattoo of a butterfly to remind her of her "new beginnings" as an Olympian.
جنیفر پاریلا ، ژیمناست آمریكایی ترامپولین آمریكایی ، گفت: "من ورزش را دوست دارم. من از پنج سالگی این كار را انجام داده ام." بعد از اینکه جنیفر در بازی های المپیک 2000 (به عنوان تنها ژیمناستیک ترامپولین آمریکایی) به رقابت پرداخت ، او یک خال کوبی از یک پروانه بدست آورد تا او را از "آغازهای جدید" خود به عنوان یک المپیک یادآوری کند.
"I love=like the sport=athlete. I've been doing it since I was five years old," said Jennifer Parilla, American trampoline=exercise gymnast. After Jennifer competed=vie in the 2000 Olympics (as the only American trampoline gymnast), she got a tattoo=figure,design,pattern of a butterfly to remind her of her "new beginnings" as an Olympian.


Skeleton
The sport of skeleton racing first became an Olympic sport in 1928. Skeleton racers slide down an icy course at very high speed on a simple sled. The sled is called a skeleton because early sleds looked like human skeletons
"I didn't start skeleton until I was," said American skeleton racer Zach Gale. "While driving, my girlfriend and I took a wrong turn at Lake Placid, New York; that's where the 1980 Winter Olympics took place. They were offering skeleton classes that afternoon. My girlfriend said, 'Why don't we give it a try?' It was fun! I fell in love with it.